Related Concept Videos
01:45Positive Regulator Molecules
To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
02:39Positive Regulator Molecules
Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
02:34Inhibition of Cdk Activity
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
02:38S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication
The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
02:34Inhibition of CDK Activity
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
02:38S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication
The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026
12:02
Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
Published on: June 6, 2017
Cell proliferation without cyclin E-CDK2.
1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
Cell
|August 28, 2003
Summary
Mice can develop without cyclins E1 and E2, but these proteins are crucial for cell cycle progression. Specifically, cyclins E1 and E2 are essential for endoreplication and exiting quiescence in mouse cells.
Area of Science:
- Cell biology
- Developmental biology
- Molecular genetics
Background:
- Cyclins are key regulators of the cell cycle.
- Cyclin E proteins (E1 and E2) are known to play roles in cell proliferation.
- The specific necessity of cyclins E1 and E2 in mammalian embryonic development and cell cycle exit has not been fully elucidated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of cyclins E1 and E2 in mouse embryonic development.
- To determine the function of cyclins E1 and E2 in fibroblast proliferation.
- To assess the requirement of cyclins E1 and E2 for endoreplication and exit from quiescence.
Main Methods:
- Generation of mice lacking both cyclin E1 and cyclin E2 genes (double knockout).
- Culture and analysis of fibroblasts derived from double knockout embryos.
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08:33Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
Published on: December 5, 2017
12:26Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
Published on: May 3, 2018
Main Results:
- Mice lacking cyclins E1 and E2 can complete embryonic development.
- Fibroblasts from double knockout embryos exhibit normal proliferation in vitro.
- Cyclins E1 and E2 are indispensable for endoreplication and the transition from quiescence to active cell cycling.
Conclusions:
- Cyclins E1 and E2 are not essential for embryonic development or basic fibroblast proliferation.
- These specific cyclins play critical roles in specialized cell cycle processes, namely endoreplication and exit from quiescence.