Spontaneous Splenic Rupture as an Uncommon Complication of Acute Pancreatitis

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Surgical Pathology

Background:

• Spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is an uncommon yet life-threatening complication associated with acute pancreatitis.
• Patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis may develop splenic complications, necessitating a high index of clinical suspicion.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and prompt management of spontaneous splenic rupture in patients with acute pancreatitis.
• To present a case study illustrating the clinical presentation and management of SSR secondary to necrotizing pancreatitis.

Main Methods:

• A case report of a 26-year-old female with a history of chronic alcohol use and acute pancreatitis is presented.
• Diagnostic imaging included contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to assess necrotizing pancreatitis and splenic collection.
• Management involved urgent exploratory laparotomy due to hemodynamic instability.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with severe abdominal pain, necrotizing pancreatitis (Balthazar D), and a splenic collection.
• Hemodynamic instability and a significant drop in hemoglobin levels indicated a critical condition.
• Urgent surgical intervention was performed.

Conclusions:

• Spontaneous splenic rupture should be considered in acute pancreatitis patients experiencing hemodynamic instability.
• Computed tomography (CT) scans are vital for the early detection and evaluation of splenic complications.
• Timely surgical management is critical for reducing morbidity and mortality in unstable patients with splenic rupture.