Engineering Plasmodium-refractory phenotypes in mosquitoes
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Updated: Sep 20, 2026

Protocol for Plasmodium falciparum Infections in Mosquitoes and Infection Phenotype Determination
Published on: July 4, 2007
Xavier Nirmala1, Anthony A James
1Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA.
Abstract:
A remarkable number of effector mechanisms have been developed for interfering with malaria parasite development in mosquitoes. These effector mechanisms affect different aspects of parasite biology and therefore could be targeted synergistically to reduce the probability of emergence of parasite resistance to any one mechanism. The use of these mechanisms will depend on how efficiently and safely they can be introduced into existing mosquito populations.
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