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Delta virus infection in Egypt.

M A Darwish¹, M Shaker, O S Raslan

¹Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.

The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association

|January 1, 1992

Summary

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection is endemic in Egypt, affecting over 16% of acute hepatitis B cases. Co-infection with HDV may worsen chronic hepatitis B outcomes and inhibit HBV replication.

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Area of Science:

Hepatology
Virology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health concern.
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a unique RNA virus that requires HBV for its replication.
The prevalence and impact of HDV co-infection in HBV patients in Egypt are not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of HDV infection among patients with acute and chronic HBV infection in Egypt.
To investigate the clinical significance of HDV co-infection in HBV patients, including its effect on disease severity and HBV replication.

Main Methods:

Serum samples from 124 acute hepatitis B, 51 chronic HBV, and 41 chronic HBsAg carrier patients were analyzed.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect HBV markers and anti-HDV antibodies.
Statistical analysis was performed to assess the significance of findings.

Main Results:

The prevalence of anti-HDV antibodies was 16.9% in acute hepatitis B, 23.5% in chronic HBV, and 21.9% in chronic HBsAg carriers.
HDV co-infection was associated with a higher rate of chronic active hepatitis (83%) in chronic HBV patients.
HDV co-infection significantly reduced the levels of anti-HBc IgM in acute cases and HBeAg in chronic cases, suggesting inhibition of HBV replication.

Conclusions:

Hepatitis delta virus infection is endemic in Egypt, with significant prevalence in both acute and chronic hepatitis B patients.
HDV co-infection may exacerbate the course of chronic hepatitis B and potentially worsen patient outcomes.
HDV infection appears to exert a competitive inhibitory effect on HBV replication.

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