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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Wide-field Fluorescent Microscopy and Fluorescent Imaging Flow Cytometry on a Cell-phone

Wide-field Fluorescent Microscopy and Fluorescent Imaging Flow Cytometry on a Cell-phone

Published on: April 11, 2013

An impedance-based flow microcytometer for single cell morphology discrimination.

M Shaker¹, L Colella, F Caselli

¹Laboratoire de Microsystemes (LMIS4), Institute of Microengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. marjan.shaker@epfl.ch ludovica.colella@epfl.ch.

|May 31, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel microfluidic device for label-free, non-invasive cell shape analysis in continuous flow. It enables precise discrimination of cell morphology, including monitoring cell division dynamics in yeast.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Microfluidics

Background:

Cell morphology is crucial for understanding cellular states, yet current microfluidic cytometers offer limited shape analysis.
Existing methods often require labels or are invasive, restricting real-time, in-flow applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a non-invasive, label-free microfluidic device for single-cell morphology discrimination in continuous flow.
To enable precise characterization of cell shape anisotropy and dynamic shape changes.

Main Methods:

A microfluidic device utilizing liquid electrodes in a cross-configuration for orthogonal impedance measurements.
Integration of lateral liquid electrodes for particle focusing and orientation prior to sensing.
Extraction of a cell shape anisotropy index based on impedance measurements.

Main Results:

Demonstrated proof-of-concept for discriminating between spherical and elongated particles.
Successfully monitored and characterized shape changes during cell division.
Identified budding yeast cells at different mitotic stages using the anisotropy index.

Conclusions:

The developed device provides a label-free, non-invasive method for high-resolution cell shape analysis in microfluidic systems.
This technology offers potential for advanced cell characterization, including monitoring cell cycle progression and identifying morphological abnormalities.