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Update on non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining malignancies
Elizabeth Y Chiao1, Susan E Krown
1Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Current Opinion in Oncology
|September 10, 2003
Summary
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection outcomes. HIV-infected patients face increased risks for non-AIDS-defining cancers, requiring further study on treatment efficacy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly altered the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
- Early HIV/AIDS research focused on AIDS-defining malignancies, but recent studies highlight increased risks for non-AIDS-defining cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current data on the clinical presentation, pathology, and treatment outcomes of non-AIDS-defining malignancies in HIV-infected individuals.
- To update understanding of cancer risks in the context of modern HIV/AIDS management.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent large cohort studies.
- Analysis of data linking HIV/AIDS databases with cancer registries.
Main Results:
- HIV-infected patients exhibit a higher incidence of non-AIDS-defining malignancies beyond anal cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Identified increased risks include lung, skin, and head and neck cancers, as well as germ cell tumors, leiomyosarcomas, conjunctival cancer, multiple myeloma, and leukemias.
Conclusions:
- The evolving epidemiology of non-AIDS-defining malignancies in HIV-infected patients on HAART necessitates ongoing research.
- It remains uncertain if current treatments and outcomes for these cancers are optimized for individuals with HIV/AIDS.