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Anal Cancer Screening Prevalence in U.S. Cities and Factors Associated With Screening.
Alan G Nyitray1, Jennifer L Walsh2, Ashish A Deshmukh3
1Center for Cancer Discovery, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Center for Community Health and Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Anal cancer screening uptake remains low among sexual minority men and transgender women with HIV, despite expert recommendations. Targeted interventions are crucial to improve screening rates in high-incidence areas.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Annual anal cancer screening is recommended for sexual minority men and transgender women with HIV.
- The United States Department of Health and Human Services endorses this screening.
- Prevalence was assessed in high-incidence metropolitan areas: Chicago, Houston, and Milwaukee.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the prevalence of anal cancer screening in key populations.
- To identify factors associated with screening uptake.
- To assess barriers to screening.
Main Methods:
- Survey responses from 2020-2022 were analyzed.
- Anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) history were stratified by HIV status.
- Logistic regression assessed factors associated with screening.
Main Results:
- Overall anal cytology prevalence was 8.3%, not differing by HIV status.
- History of anal warts was associated with cytology (aOR 2.57).
- HRA history varied by metropolitan area among people with HIV (PWH) and was higher in PWH (aOR 2.36).
Conclusions:
- Anal cancer screening uptake is low in vulnerable communities.
- Screening prevalence differs significantly by metropolitan area.
- Urgent interventions are needed at clinical, provider, and individual levels.
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