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Updated: Sep 20, 2026
An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Effects of oral and transdermal low-dose estrogen therapy on echocardiographic parameters of cardiac function
Tatjana E Vogelvang1, Marius J van der Mooren, Otto Kamp
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Project Aging Women and the Institute for Cardiovascular Research-Vrije Universiteit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Objective:
To investigate the effects of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) compared with oral unopposed as well as opposed E(2) on echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function.
Design:
A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study.
Setting:
Gynecologic and cardiologic outpatient departments.
Patient(S):
One hundred fifty-two healthy hysterectomized postmenopausal women.
Intervention(S):
Participants received daily placebo (n = 49) or transdermal E(2) (50 microg; tE(2) group, n = 33), or oral E(2) (1 mg; oE(2) group, n = 37), or oral E(2) (1 mg) combined with gestodene (25 microg; oE(2)+G group, n = 33) for thirteen 28-day treatment cycles.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
M-mode, quantitative two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiographic measurements were performed at baseline and after 1 year.
Result(S):
Compared with placebo, tE(2) and oE(2) showed no statistically significant changes in LV function. oE(2)+G resulted in a statistically significant favorable increase in peak flow velocity, flow velocity integral, and mean acceleration. Furthermore, a favorable decrease was observed in interventricular septum thickness and ejection time.
Conclusion(S):
After 1 year of unopposed E(2), LV function remained unchanged. The oE(2)+G treatment showed a potential beneficial influence on LV systolic function.
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