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Updated: Aug 10, 2026
Method to Obtain Pattern of Breathing in Senescent Mice through Unrestrained Barometric Plethysmography
Published on: April 28, 2020
Abstract:
Perfect coordination is required between the amount of air breathed to ventilate the air cells of the lungs and the amount of blood pumped through them by the heart.Over-ventilation often accompanies severe emotional disturbances with far-reaching effects on the functions of the brain and other organs. Of particular interest are the effects of altering breathing upon angina pectoris. In conditions with under-ventilation the effects are serious because the carbon dioxide which accumulates acts as a narcotic on the nerve centers which control breathing. If oxygen is given to such patients they may be made much worse and become unconscious. Morphine and other narcotics also make matters worse.Under-ventilation in patients with over-distention of the air cells of the lungs results in a chronic form of carbon dioxide poisoning, so that the lungs may fail in ventilatory function. Recent work by Whittenberger has shown how to combat this situation by mechanical over-ventilation. As the excess of carbonic acid is removed the narcotic effect of the gas is lessened and the nerve center governing breathing resumes more normal operation under which the effect of oxygen is no longer deleterious.
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Related Concept Videos
01:05Breathing
01:30Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
01:21Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles
The respiratory system is a complex network that relies on primary respiratory muscles like the diaphragm, but also involves accessory muscles to enhance lung expansion and airflow during both inhalation and exhalation.
Enhancing Inhalation with Accessory Muscles:
Accessory muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, intercostal, and abdominal muscles are crucial when additional respiratory effort is required, such as during deep...
01:29Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
01:30Alterations in Respiration II
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...