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Bone and calcium homeostasis.

¹Department of BioStructure and Function, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030.

Neurotoxicology

|January 1, 1992

Summary

Bone serves as the primary calcium reservoir, with complex processes governing its entry and exit. Other ions, like lead, can interfere with calcium

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Physiology
Bone Biology

Background:

Bone is the principal repository of calcium in the body.
Calcium homeostasis involves intricate processes of absorption, deposition, and excretion.
Cellular mechanisms, involving osteoblasts and osteoclasts, mediate calcium dynamics within bone.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanisms of calcium deposition and clearance in bone.
To describe the transport processes of calcium absorption and excretion.
To investigate potential competition between calcium and other ions, such as lead.

Main Methods:

The study reviews existing literature on calcium metabolism and bone physiology.
It describes the ionic and solid-state phases of calcium in bone.
It analyzes the transport mechanisms of intestinal absorption and renal/fecal excretion.

Main Results:

Bone clears approximately 50% of calcium, with ions solidifying upon contact with bone surfaces.
Intestinal absorption involves both saturable and non-saturable transport steps.
Circulating calcium ions have a one in four chance of excretion, and other ions like lead can compete for deposition and transport sites.

Conclusions:

Calcium dynamics in bone are complex, involving cellular mediation and phase changes.
The body tightly regulates calcium levels through absorption and excretion.
Interference by competing ions like lead highlights the importance of understanding calcium transport pathways for potential toxicological implications.

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