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Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
Published on: February 10, 2012
Tobacco dependence and the nicotine patch. Clinical guidelines for effective use
M C Fiore1, D E Jorenby, T B Baker
1Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53706.
JAMA
|November 18, 1992
Summary
Transdermal nicotine patches effectively aid smoking cessation, doubling quit rates compared to placebo. Success is enhanced by counseling, with 6-8 weeks of therapy potentially sufficient for most tobacco users.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Addiction Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Tobacco dependence is a significant public health issue.
- Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a widely used smoking cessation aid.
- Transdermal nicotine patches offer a method for delivering nicotine without combustion products.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review transdermal nicotine treatment for tobacco dependence.
- To derive recommendations from existing research literature.
- To assess the efficacy and influencing factors of nicotine patch therapy.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of English-language clinical trials.
- Inclusion of placebo-controlled, double-blind studies (11 studies).
- Focus on trials with at least 6 months follow-up and biochemical verification of smoking status.
Main Results:
- Nicotine patches yielded end-of-treatment cessation rates of 18-77%, approximately double placebo rates.
- Six-month abstinence rates were 22-42% for nicotine patches versus 5-28% for placebo.
- Patches reduced craving and negative moods but not hunger or weight gain; adjuvant counseling is crucial.
Conclusions:
- Transdermal nicotine patches are effective in treating tobacco dependence.
- Success rates are highly variable and influenced by counseling intensity.
- Further research is needed on optimal duration, dosage, and individualization of therapy.
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