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Nonnecrotizing herpetic retinopathies masquerading as severe posterior uveitis
Bahram Bodaghi1, Flore Rozenberg, Nathalie Cassoux
1Department of Ophthalmology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
Objective:
Aqueous humor analysis can be performed in severe atypical forms of posterior uveitis unresponsive to conventional treatment to exclude a viral infection.
Design:
Noncomparative interventional case series.
Participants:
Thirty-seven immunocompetent patients seen with corticosteroid-resistant forms of posterior uveitis underwent extensive evaluation, including anterior chamber paracentesis, to rule out a nonnecrotizing viral retinopathy.
Intervention:
Aqueous fluid samples were prospectively obtained. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serologic evaluation of intraocular antibody production against herpesviruses were performed by molecular techniques and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Main Outcome Measures:
Polymerase chain reaction and local antibody production for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus were determined on aqueous fluid samples.
Results:
Viral infection was confirmed in 5 cases (13.5%). Clinical presentation included birdshot-like retinochoroidopathy, occlusive bilateral vasculitis, and cystoid macular edema. An antiviral regimen was initiated in all cases. Inflammation was stabilized, and steroid dosage could be significantly reduced.
Conclusions:
Identification of a viral agent during severe posterior uveitis can dramatically change therapeutic management.