Experimental reproduction of phytobezoars

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Veterinary Science
• Botany

Background:

• Phytobezoars are indigestible concretions found in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Karoo bushes are common in arid regions and are consumed by livestock.
• Understanding plant-induced phytobezoar formation is crucial for animal health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the potential for phytobezoar formation from Karoo bush plant material.
• To determine factors influencing phytobezoar formation in vitro.
• To assess phytobezoar formation in vivo in sheep and goats.

Main Methods:

• In vitro experiments using flowers, seeds, and pappus hairs of five Karoo bush species (n=64).
• Optimization of fiber-to-liquid ratio (around 1:7) and assessment of milling effects.
• In vivo trial with sheep and goats fed Karoo bush material mixed with lucerne for up to 31 days.

Main Results:

• Small phytobezoars formed in vitro from Eriocephalus ericoides, Gnidia polycephala, and combinations.
• Milling plant material enhanced in vitro bezoar formation; time and pH had no significant effect.
• In vivo, phytobezoars formed in goats fed Chrysocoma ciliata and G. polycephala material, but not in sheep.

Conclusions:

• Phytobezoars can form in goats and sheep consuming significant amounts of mature Karoo bush flowers or seeds.
• Specific Karoo bush species contribute to phytobezoar development in ruminants.
• Further research may be needed to understand species-specific susceptibility and risk factors.