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Related Experiment Videos

Identification of multiple structural domains regulating viroid pathogenicity.

T Sano1, T Candresse, R W Hammond

  • 1Microbiology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Plant Science Institute, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Investigating viroid domains revealed that the terminal left (TL) domain of tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) is crucial for severe symptoms in tomato. Other domains also significantly influence viroid pathogenicity and replication.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Virology

Background:

  • Viroids are small, non-coding RNA pathogens that cause significant crop diseases.
  • Understanding the specific roles of structural domains in viroid pathogenicity and replication is essential for developing control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the function of individual structural domains, specifically the terminal left (TL) and pathogenicity (P) domains, in the pathogenicity and replication of tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) and citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd).

Main Methods:

  • Construction of interspecific viroid chimeras by exchanging TL and P domains between TASVd and CEVd.
  • Stable replication assessment of chimeras in tomato plants.
  • Quantitative analysis of symptom development and progeny accumulation.

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Main Results:

  • All six tested chimeras replicated stably in tomato, exhibiting intermediate symptoms.
  • The TL domain of TASVd contains a determinant for severe veinal necrosis.
  • TASVd's characteristic epinasty and stunting require both TL and P domains.
  • The right-side domains (V and TR) of TASVd also significantly impact pathogenicity, with higher accumulation and severity compared to CEVd-derived counterparts.
  • The TL domain showed a greater effect on symptom severity than the P domain.

Conclusions:

  • Individual structural domains of viroids play distinct roles in pathogenicity and replication.
  • The TL domain is a key determinant of TASVd-induced symptom severity in tomato.
  • Sequence and structural variability in TL, P, V, and TR domains likely correspond to pathogenicity determinants.