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Related Experiment Videos

Developmental theories for the 1990s: development and individual differences.

S Scarr1

  • 1University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, Charlottesville, 22903.

Child Development
|February 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

An evolutionary perspective unifies the study of human development and individual differences. Genes and environments interact, influencing personality, social, and intellectual growth, guiding tailored interventions for children.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Behavioral Genetics

Background:

  • Traditional developmental psychology and individual differences research stem from separate philosophical roots, hindering unified theoretical frameworks.
  • An evolutionary perspective offers a unifying framework for understanding both species-typical development and individual variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate theories of normal development and individual differences using an evolutionary framework.
  • To demonstrate how an evolutionary perspective can reconcile distinct research orientations in developmental science.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing research on developmental determinants from various perspectives.
  • Application of an evolutionary framework to understand gene-environment interactions in development.

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  • Analysis of family and twin studies to assess environmental influences on development.

    • Main Results:

    • An evolutionary framework successfully integrates diverse research on development, highlighting the interplay of organism and environment.
    • Both species-normal genes/environments and individual variations in genes/environments significantly impact personality, social, and intellectual development.
    • Family and twin studies in Western and developed Asian countries indicate that species-normal environments are vital for typical development.

    Conclusions:

    • Individual genotypes, within a broad range of environmental opportunities and support, contribute to individual differences in development.
    • Understanding gene-environment interactions is crucial for identifying children requiring intervention and for customizing interventions to their specific needs.