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Haematological results of vanadium intoxication in Wistar rats
1Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka, Poland.
Abstract:
1. Two-month-old rats of the Wistar strain of both sexes received, as sole drinking liquid, an aqueous solution of ammonium metavanadate (AMV) of 0.15 mg V/cm3 concentration for a period of 4 weeks. 2. A small decrease in the amount of food consumed and a significant reduction of the water AMV solution drunk were observed, as compared with the food and water taken up by the control group. 3. In the peripheral blood a significant decrease in the erythrocyte count and haemoglobin level and increased percentage of reticulocytes and polychromatophilic erythrocytes were noted. 4. No changes in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD) were found in the erythrocytes of the animals tested. 5. The increase in the neutrophilic granulocyte and lymphocyte count was significant. 6. An inhibitory influence of vanadium on the phagocytic activity of granulocytes was observed.
Insights
Ammonium metavanadate (AMV) exposure in rats reduced water intake and caused significant blood changes, including decreased erythrocytes and hemoglobin, but did not affect key erythrocyte enzymes. Vanadium also inhibited granulocyte function.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Hematology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Vanadium compounds are industrial chemicals with potential toxicological effects.
- Understanding the hematological and cellular impacts of vanadium exposure is crucial for risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of chronic ammonium metavanadate (AMV) exposure on Wistar rats.
- To assess hematological parameters, erythrocyte enzyme activity, and granulocyte function following AMV administration.
Main Methods:
- Wistar rats were administered an aqueous solution of AMV (0.15 mg V/cm3) as their sole drinking fluid for 4 weeks.
- Hematological parameters (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, reticulocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes) were analyzed.
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD) activity in erythrocytes was measured.
- Phagocytic activity of granulocytes was assessed.
Main Results:
- A decrease in food consumption and AMV solution intake was observed.
- Significant reductions in erythrocyte count and hemoglobin levels, with increased reticulocytes and polychromatophilic erythrocytes.
- No changes in erythrocyte LDH or G-6PD activity.
- Elevated neutrophilic granulocyte and lymphocyte counts were noted.
- Vanadium demonstrated an inhibitory effect on granulocyte phagocytic activity.
Conclusions:
- Chronic AMV exposure induces significant hematological alterations in rats, indicative of anemia and altered erythropoiesis.
- Vanadium exposure impacts white blood cell counts and impairs granulocyte immune function.
- Erythrocyte metabolic enzyme activity appears unaffected by the tested vanadium concentrations.