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Astroviruses and caliciviruses: emerging enteric pathogens.

H B Greenberg1, S M Matsui

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305.

Infectious Agents and Disease
|April 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

This review details small round structured viruses (SRSV), focusing on astroviruses and caliciviruses, common causes of infectious gastroenteritis. Molecular techniques are advancing the study and detection of these difficult-to-diagnose viral agents.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Acute infectious gastroenteritis is a common, incapacitating illness globally and in the U.S.
  • Viral agents cause 30-40% of U.S. gastroenteritis cases, with causes often unidentified.
  • Small round structured viruses (SRSV), including astroviruses and caliciviruses, are significant pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and virology of astroviruses and caliciviruses.
  • To highlight challenges in studying these viruses, such as low shedding and culture difficulties.
  • To discuss the impact of molecular techniques on understanding SRSV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing virologic and epidemiologic data.
  • Focus on electron microscopy, biophysical characterization, and immunoassays.
  • Application of molecular techniques for enhanced detection and characterization.

Main Results:

  • Astroviruses and caliciviruses are key causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis.
  • Traditional methods faced challenges due to low viral shedding and culture difficulties.
  • Molecular methods are improving diagnostic capabilities and epidemiological insights.

Conclusions:

  • Despite study challenges, astroviruses and caliciviruses are important gastroenteritis agents.
  • Molecular techniques represent a significant advancement in SRSV research.
  • Further research using molecular tools will refine understanding of SRSV epidemiology.

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