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Related Experiment Videos

Peripheral modulation of learning and memory: enkephalins as a model system.

G Schulteis1, J L Martinez

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.

Psychopharmacology
|January 11, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Enkephalins, acting outside the brain, may enhance memory formation by influencing the peripheral autonomic system. This peripheral modulation impacts learning and memory storage processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Enkephalins are endogenous opioid peptides with widespread distribution.
  • Previous research suggests a role for enkephalins in learning and memory.
  • The precise mechanisms of enkephalin action on memory remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a model for peripheral modulation of learning and memory by enkephalins.
  • To review existing evidence supporting peripheral enkephalin action.
  • To explore the role of the autonomic nervous system in enkephalin-mediated memory effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on enkephalin and opioid antagonist effects.
  • Analysis of enkephalin metabolism and blood-brain barrier penetration data.

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  • Consideration of enkephalin distribution in peripheral autonomic systems.

    • Main Results:

    • Enkephalins can influence memory acquisition and storage by acting peripherally, outside the blood-brain barrier.
    • Systemic administration of enkephalins and opioid antagonists yields behavioral effects.
    • Circulating enkephalins are rapidly hydrolyzed and have limited blood-brain barrier penetration.

    Conclusions:

    • Enkephalins may modulate learning and memory by altering peripheral autonomic function.
    • Autonomic afferents could communicate with central memory traces via modulatory pathways.
    • These proposed mechanisms may extend to other peripheral signaling molecules involved in memory.