International trends in biotechnology regulation: the implications for developing countries

Evolutionary processes have demonstrated that genetic mutations can, over time, produce a complete restructuring of the previous ecological order. The capacity of biotechnology to manipulate and transform genetic material at a far greater rate than nature is capable of suggests that careful consideration should be given to effectively controlling these technologies. This paper examines the underlying technical and philosophical concerns and arguments which underpin the development of appropriate regulations for biotechnology. The regulatory frameworks which have been set in place around the world are reviewed. Modifications which are being introduced in the light of increasing practical experience and in response to changing societal pressures are discussed. Potential negative impacts of biotechnology on developing countries are specifically addressed. A case is made for co-ordinated international efforts to develop consistent and uniform legislation for the safe and environmentally beneficial application of biotechnology on a more equitable global basis.