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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2026

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats
08:23

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Published on: March 13, 2012

[Limits of pure analgesic anesthesia].

J De Castro, P Paramentier, S Andrieu

    Annales De L'Anesthesiologie Francaise
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Analgesic anesthesia using potent derivatives like fentathienyl offers deeper pain relief and improved stability compared to morphine or fentanyl. While requiring careful monitoring, this technique is evolving with new advancements.

    Area of Science:

    • Anesthesiology
    • Pharmacology
    • Surgical Care

    Context:

    • Explores the efficacy and limitations of various analgesic drugs in anesthesia.
    • Reviews historical use of morphine and fentanyl in analgesic anesthesia.
    • Highlights the need for potent analgesics with favorable side-effect profiles.

    Purpose:

    • To define and justify the technique of analgesic anesthesia.
    • To compare the clinical pharmacology of high-dose fentanyl and fentathienyl.
    • To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different analgesic agents in anesthesia.

    Summary:

    • Fentanyl (0.05 mg/kg IV) with curare shows favorable metabolic effects but insufficient stability in 20% of cases.
    • Fentathienyl, a more potent morphine derivative, provides deeper analgesia with fewer resistant cases (20%) but can cause tachycardia.

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    Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat
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  • Sequential analgesic anesthesia, utilizing antimorphine agents, is presented as a viable routine technique.

    • Impact:

    • Suggests that potent analgesic derivatives are improving the stability of anesthetic techniques.
    • Emphasizes the necessity of prolonged post-operative supervision for analgesic anesthesia.
    • Indicates ongoing advancements in analgesic anesthesia with new drug development.