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Function and specificity of human gamma/delta-positive T cells.

D Kabelitz1

  • 1Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.

Critical Reviews in Immunology
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Gamma/delta T-cells, a unique T-lymphocyte subset, recognize bacteria and tumor cells. Their role in immunity and autoimmune responses is under investigation, with potential links to infection and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gamma/delta T-cells are a distinct T-lymphocyte subpopulation characterized by an alternative T-cell receptor (TCR) composed of gamma and delta chains.
  • Despite limited germline V gamma and V delta genes, a diverse gamma delta TCR repertoire arises from extensive N region variability.
  • Monoclonal antibodies targeting V gamma and V delta gene products are key tools for identifying and isolating these cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the physiological significance and pathological roles of gamma/delta T-cells.
  • To investigate the recognition patterns of gamma/delta T-cells, particularly their interaction with microbial ligands and tumor cells.
  • To understand the diversity and regulation of gamma delta T-cell responses in various conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing monoclonal antibodies for gamma/delta T-cell identification and isolation.
  • Analyzing T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity through N region variability.
  • Observing gamma/delta T-cell distribution in pathological conditions like HIV infection.

Main Results:

  • Accumulating evidence suggests gamma/delta T-cells recognize bacterial ligands and tumor cells, with V gamma 9/V delta 2 TCR-expressing cells often reacting to microbial antigens.
  • Extensive N region variability in bacteria-reactive V gamma 9+/V delta 2+ gamma/delta+ T-cells suggests a role for gamma/delta-specific superantigens.
  • Gamma/delta T-cell leukemias/lymphomas are rare, but altered subpopulation distributions are noted in HIV infection.

Conclusions:

  • Gamma/delta T-cells are implicated in immune responses during infection and in regulating autoimmune processes.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and clinical relevance of gamma/delta T-cells in health and disease.
  • The unique TCR repertoire and recognition capabilities of gamma/delta T-cells highlight their potential importance in adaptive immunity.

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