Elevated erythrocyte glutathione associated with elevated substrate in high- and low-glutathione sheep

Erythrocyte glutathione concentration increases dramatically in sheep when they become anemic. To determine the mechanism of this change in glutathione control, we measured the enzymes and substrates necessary for glutathione control, we measured the enzymes and substrates necessary for glutathione synthesis after acute blood loss in both low- (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase deficient) and high-glutathione sheep. Erythrocyte glutamate, ATP, and glycine increased dramatically in all sheep. Erythrocyte gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase increased slowly and seemed unrelated to changes in glutathione. Erythrocyte glutathione synthetase and cysteine and plasma cysteine, glutamate and glycine did not change significantly. Apparently substrate concentrations may be important in regulating erythrocyte glutathione levels.