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Related Experiment Videos

Review articles and publication bias.

J Kleijnen1, P Knipschild

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Arzneimittel-Forschung
|May 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Publication bias, where unpublished studies differ from published ones, distorts evidence. Registration of all trials before data collection is crucial to prevent this bias in reviews and meta-analyses.

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Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Medical Research Methodology

Background:

  • Publication bias arises when unpublished study results differ from published ones.
  • This bias can distort evidence, particularly in meta-analyses, by overestimating treatment effects if favorable results are preferentially published.
  • Bayesian perspectives also consider the non-publication of studies with similar results, influencing evidence strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the nature and implications of publication bias in scientific literature.
  • To review methods for assessing and mitigating publication bias.
  • To emphasize the importance of trial registration for unbiased evidence synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Discusses methods to identify publication bias, including researcher surveys and comparisons with trial registries.
  • Compares outcomes of published versus unpublished trials and registered versus unregistered trials.
  • Considers factors influencing publication bias, such as publication mode, trial quality, and funding source.

Main Results:

  • Publication bias is a significant issue complicating the interpretation of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
  • Factors like publication venue, study quality, and funding sources can influence results and publication likelihood.
  • Existing methods for assessing publication bias have limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Trial registration prior to data collection is essential to avoid publication bias.
  • Widespread adoption of trial registries could enable reviewers to rely on registered trials for primary conclusions.
  • Information from non-registered trials may need to be treated cautiously due to potential bias.

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