Intracerebral arteriovenous malformations presenting as neonatal congestive heart failure

Intracerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are a complex medical emergency in neonates. AVMs are congenital communications between the arterial and venous circulation. Occurring early in gestation, they may enlarge over time, promulgating a left-to-right shunt. This volume overload can present as severe congestive heart failure or as pronounced shock. This article discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, treatment regimens, nursing implications, and complications of cerebral AVMs. A case study is also presented.