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Blood substitutes based on modified hemoglobin prepared by encapsulation or crosslinking: an overview
1Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Summary
Modified hemoglobins, including encapsulated and crosslinked types, show promise for treating hemorrhagic shock. Further research is needed to refine preclinical models and explore new hemoglobin sources for clinical application.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Biomedical Engineering
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Modified hemoglobins, encompassing encapsulated and crosslinked forms (polyhemoglobin, intramolecularly cross-linked hemoglobin, conjugated hemoglobin), represent advanced oxygen carriers.
- Recent advancements have been made across all categories of modified hemoglobins.
- These modified hemoglobins have demonstrated efficacy in managing hemorrhagic shock.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent progress in modified hemoglobin research.
- To highlight the effectiveness of modified hemoglobins in hemorrhagic shock models.
- To discuss critical considerations for experimental design and potential future directions.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on modified hemoglobins.
- Analysis of studies focusing on hemorrhagic shock models.
- Exploration of research in vasoactivity, organ perfusion, preservation, biodistribution, hematology, and immunology.
Main Results:
- Significant progress has been achieved in understanding the properties and applications of modified hemoglobins.
- Research has advanced in areas including vasoactivities, organ perfusion, organ preservation, biodistribution, hematology, and complement activation immunology.
- Preclinical screening tests are crucial for bridging the gap between animal studies and human trials.
Conclusions:
- Modified hemoglobins are effective in treating hemorrhagic shock, but require well-defined models and experimental designs.
- Further research is essential to optimize their use and safety.
- Potential new sources like bovine hemoglobin, recombinant human hemoglobin, and synthetic heme warrant investigation.