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Reflexive fighting in response to aversive stimulation.

R E ULRICH, N H AZRIN

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |October 1, 1962
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Electric shock reliably elicits reflexive fighting in rats, independent of prior conditioning. Fighting behavior is influenced by environmental factors and shock intensity, not operant reinforcement.

    Area of Science:

    • Ethology
    • Neuroscience
    • Animal Behavior

    Background:

    • Aggression and fighting are complex behaviors studied in various animal models.
    • Understanding the elicitation of reflexive fighting is crucial for dissecting the neural and environmental underpinnings of aggressive responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the conditions under which electric shock elicits reflexive fighting in rats.
    • To differentiate reflexive fighting from operantly conditioned aggressive behaviors.
    • To explore factors influencing the strength and consistency of shock-induced fighting.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were subjected to electric shock in paired encounters to elicit fighting.
    • Variations in shock intensity, floor area, grid polarity, and social context were manipulated.
    Keywords:
    AGGRESSIONCONDITIONED LEARNING

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Fighting behavior was observed and differentiated from typical rat interactions.
  • Responses of hamsters and guinea pigs were also examined.

    • Main Results:

    • Electric shock reliably elicited stereotyped reflexive fighting in rats, irrespective of conditioning, sex, strain, or familiarity.
    • Fighting was directly related to enclosed floor area and non-monotonically to shock intensity.
    • Consistent fighting occurred unless grid polarity was unstable.
    • Shock induced attack on small animals but not inanimate objects.
    • Fighting did not require reciprocal attack from the recipient.
    • Hamsters exhibited similar fighting, while guinea pigs did not.

    Conclusions:

    • Electric shock is a potent unconditioned stimulus for eliciting reflexive fighting in rats.
    • Environmental factors and shock parameters significantly modulate this reflexive aggressive behavior.
    • The rat serves as a viable model for studying unconditioned aggressive responses, with potential implications for understanding defensive behaviors in other species.