An experimental apparatus for the simulation of three-dimensional movements in orthodontics

An apparatus for the study of three-dimensional force systems and the resulting movements during orthodontic treatment is presented. The instrument consists of two force-torque transducers which are capable of recording both forces and torques simultaneously, in all spatial directions. Each sensor has a measuring range of 15N (450 Nmm) and a resolution of 0.02 N (0.5 Nmm) and is mounted on a set of three translational and three rotational stages driven by stepping motors. Positioning accuracy is in the range of 1 micron and 0.01 degrees respectively. The apparatus is computer controlled and supported by comprehensive software.