Total bone mineral content and body composition by x-ray densitometry in newborns

Measurement of total body bone mineral content and body composition has not previously been convenient in the newborn. X-ray densitometry, otherwise known as dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), has been used in adults to assess with accuracy and precision the total body mineral content, lean mass, and fat. Body composition measurements were determined in vivo by DEXA in term newborns, and they were compared with values reported by chemical analysis of the cadaver, with skin-fold thickness measurements, and with bone mineral content measured by single photon absorptiometry. The intermeasurement coefficient of variation was < or = 2.5% for bone mineral content, and < or = 1% for fat and lean mass. The values for bone mineral content, fat, and lean mass fall within the ranges expected based on the reported values measured by chemical analysis of the infant cadaver. Triceps and quadriceps skin-fold measurements were best correlated with total body fat as measured by DEXA. The bone mineral content of the distal third radius site as measured by single photon absorptiometry in newborns showed significant correlation with total body bone mineral content. DEXA provides a reproducible and convenient method for the determination of body composition in newborns.