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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
09:12

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Published on: July 4, 2013

BEHAVIOR: PERSISTENCE OF SHOCK-INDUCED AGGRESSION.

R E ULRICH, W H CRAINE

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 28, 1964
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Aversive stimulation, like electric shock, can trigger aggression in mammals. This fighting behavior persists unless non-aggressive actions are reinforced by ending the shock.

    Keywords:
    AGGRESSIONEXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDYMICEREINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY)

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal Behavior
    • Neuroscience
    • Ethology

    Background:

    • Aversive stimuli can elicit aggression in mammals without prior conditioning.
    • Understanding the persistence of shock-induced aggression is crucial for behavioral research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the persistence of shock-induced fighting behavior in mammals.
    • To determine the conditions under which shock-induced aggression can be suppressed.

    Main Methods:

    • Mammalian subjects were exposed to aversive shock stimulation.
    • Negative reinforcement was applied for non-aggressive behaviors.
    • Reinforcement schedules varied to assess their impact on fighting frequency.

    Main Results:

    • Shock-induced fighting persisted despite negative reinforcement for alternative behaviors.
    • A significant decrease in fighting frequency occurred only when shock termination was contingent on specific non-aggressive responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Shock-induced aggression is a robust behavior that is difficult to suppress.
    • Contingent reinforcement of non-aggressive behaviors is effective in reducing shock-induced fighting.