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Circumventricular organ capillaries.

P M Gross1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada.

Progress in Brain Research
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) possess unique, permeable capillaries that allow brain access for circulating substances. This review explores their specialized microvasculature in areas like the rat area postrema, subfornical organ, and median eminence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroanatomy
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Most brain structures are protected by a blood-brain barrier (BBB) limiting solute permeability.
  • Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are exceptions, featuring dense and permeable capillary networks.
  • These unique capillaries facilitate substance exchange between blood and brain tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review new findings and interpretations on CVO capillary systems.
  • To illustrate variations in microvascular properties within and between CVOs.
  • To highlight specialized blood-brain solute exchange processes in specific CVOs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent experimental data and previous studies.
  • Morphological descriptions of capillary beds.

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  • Physiological data analysis of blood-brain solute exchange.

    • Main Results:

    • Capillary microvascular properties correlate topographically with neuropil, neurotransmitters, and hormone binding sites.
    • Detailed examination of exchange microvessels in the rat area postrema (AP), subfornical organ (SFO), and median eminence (ME).
    • These CVOs exhibit dense hormone binding and contain neurons or neural terminations involved in sensing humoral messengers.

    Conclusions:

    • CVOs act as critical sites for blood monitoring and sensing humoral messengers.
    • Their unique capillary structures are essential for specialized blood-brain solute exchange.
    • Further research into CVO capillaries can enhance understanding of these sentinel and secretory brain regions.