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Anatomically corrected malposition (ACM) with subpulmonary infundibulum in a calf: clinico-morphologic case report
1Department of Veterinary Surgery II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan.
The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
|October 1, 1992
Summary
This case report details a rare congenital heart defect in a Japanese black calf, anatomically corrected malposition (ACM), which led to fatal hypoxemia. Early diagnosis of this complex cardiac anomaly in cattle remains challenging.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Defects
- Comparative Pathology
Background:
- Congenital heart diseases in cattle can lead to significant health issues and economic losses.
- Anatomically corrected malposition (ACM) is a complex congenital heart anomaly characterized by specific discordant relationships between cardiac chambers and great arteries.
- Accurate diagnosis of complex cardiac malformations in young animals is crucial for prognosis and management.
Observation:
- A Japanese black calf presented with cyanosis, tachycardia, tachypnea, and a systolic murmur, ultimately succumbing to hypoxemia and cardiac insufficiency.
- Despite clinical signs, a definitive diagnosis was not established during the animal's lifetime.
- Autopsy revealed anatomically corrected malposition (ACM) with a ventricular septal defect, situs solitus of viscera and atria, atrio-ventricular discordance, and ventriculo-arterial concordance.
Findings:
- The calf's ventricles exhibited an l-loop configuration, with a dominant morphologic left ventricle on the right and a hypoplastic morphologic right ventricle on the left.
- Associated anomalies included a stenotic tricuspid valve, Ebstein-like deformity, a right posterior aorta originating from the left ventricle, and pulmonary artery arising from the right ventricle.
- Fibrous continuity between the aortic and mitral valves was noted, contributing to the complex cardiac pathology.
Implications:
- This report describes the first documented case of bovine anatomically corrected malposition (ACM), expanding the understanding of congenital heart defects in cattle.
- The findings highlight the challenges in diagnosing complex cardiac anomalies in veterinary patients, emphasizing the need for advanced diagnostic techniques.
- Further research into the genetic and developmental factors underlying bovine congenital heart disease is warranted to improve diagnosis and potential interventions.