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Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Phospho Flow Cytometry with Fluorescent Cell Barcoding for Single Cell Signaling Analysis and Biomarker Discovery
08:38

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Published on: October 4, 2018

HEMOGLOBIN F TEXAS: GAMMA-CHAIN VARIANT.

R G SCHNEIDER, R T JONES

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 9, 1965
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel abnormal fetal hemoglobin, Hemoglobin F(Texas), was identified in infants. This variant involves a specific amino acid substitution in the gamma-chain of hemoglobin.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Genetics
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is crucial for oxygen transport in utero.
    • Variations in hemoglobin structure can lead to clinical implications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize a newly discovered abnormal fetal hemoglobin variant.
    • To determine the structural basis of Hemoglobin F(Texas).

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of cord blood samples.
    • Chemical structure studies of the abnormal hemoglobin.

    Main Results:

    • Identified an abnormal fetal hemoglobin, designated Hemoglobin F(Texas).
    • Found in multiple related infants and one unrelated infant.
    Keywords:
    CHROMATOGRAPHYELECTROPHORESISFETAL HEMOGLOBINGEL DIFFUSION TESTSHEMOGLOBINS, ABNORMALPEPTIDES

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  • Structural analysis revealed a lysyl residue substitution for a glutamyl residue in the gamma-chain.
  • Conclusions:

    • Hemoglobin F(Texas) represents a novel structural variant of fetal hemoglobin.
    • The identified substitution provides insight into hemoglobinopathies.