Sequential treatment with low dose almitrine bismesylate in hypoxaemic chronic obstructive airways disease

Daily dose schedules of 100-200 mg of almitrine bismesylate improve arterial blood gases in patients with hypoxaemic chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD) but dose related side effects are evident. In the present study, daily doses approximately half of those previously used were employed in a randomised double blind manner in 85 patients (age 35-79 years) with hypoxaemic COPD. After a one month period to check stability of arterial blood gases, patients were allocated to almitrine (A) or placebo (P) using an unequal code (60% A, 40% P). Tablets, 50-100 mg daily were stopped for one month after 3, 6 and 9 months to counteract drug accumulation. 50 patients in group A and 35 in group P were comparable on entry; mean age 65 (SD = 8) yrs., Pao2 7.8 (0.7) kPa (58.3 (5.0) mmHg), PaCO2 5.8 (0.8) kPa (43.2 (6.0) mmHg), forced expiratory volume in one second--FEV1 0.89 (0.25) l and 6 minute walking distance 296 (97) metres. The improvement in baseline PaO2 values was the same 0.8-1.3 kPa (6-9.8 mmHg) as with previous higher dose therapy. Approximately one third of patients did not respond, defined as PaO2 elevation > 0.67 kPa (5 mmHg). The sequential dosing scheme stabilised blood levels of almitrine within the therapeutic range of 280-300 ng.ml-1. After withdrawal of therapy arterial blood gases and spirometry reverted to pre-treatment levels, suggesting no permanent reversal of pathophysiology. Dose related side effects of breathlessness, indigestion and peripheral neuropathy were not observed. Nerve conduction studies revealed no difference in peripheral nerve dysfunction in hypoxaemic COPD between active and placebo therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)