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Limiting dilution analysis in leprosy.

R J Mullins1, P Roche, E Adams

  • 1Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, Hammersmith, London, UK.

Immunology and Cell Biology
|August 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Leprosy patients with multibacillary disease lack M. leprae-reactive T cells, indicating an absence of antigen-sensitive T cells. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) did not reverse this non-responsiveness in leprosy patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations.
  • Immune responses to M. leprae vary significantly among patients, influencing disease progression.
  • Understanding T cell responses is crucial for diagnosing and treating leprosy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and characteristics of M. leprae-reactive lymphocytes in leprosy patients.
  • To determine the role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in modulating T cell responses to M. leprae.
  • To elucidate the immunological basis for non-responsiveness in multibacillary leprosy.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from leprosy patients and healthy controls were cultured with M. leprae and control antigens.

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  • Cultures were supplemented with IL-2 to assess its effect on T cell proliferation.
  • Limiting dilution analysis was used to quantify M. leprae-reactive lymphocyte precursor frequencies.

    • Main Results:

    • M. leprae-reactive lymphocytes were absent in patients with lepromatous leprosy.
    • IL-2 enhanced proliferation only in cells from intermediate responders and was not antigen-specific.
    • M. leprae-reactive lymphocytes were detected in patients with tuberculoid and borderline forms of leprosy.

    Conclusions:

    • The non-responsiveness to M. leprae in most multibacillary leprosy patients is attributed to an absence of antigen-sensitive T cells.
    • IL-2 does not restore M. leprae-specific T cell responses in anergic patients.
    • Immune surveillance against M. leprae is compromised in lepromatous leprosy due to a lack of specific T cells.