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  1. Home
  3. 4-1bb Expression And Signaling Regulates Mait Cell Activation And Effector Functions.
  1. Home
  3. 4-1bb Expression And Signaling Regulates Mait Cell Activation And Effector Functions.

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4-1BB Expression and Signaling Regulates MAIT Cell Activation and Effector Functions.

Lamichhane R1, Williams J1, Tirand C1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Immunology and Cell Biology
|June 23, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells utilize 4-1BB signaling for enhanced activation and cytokine production. This study reveals 4-1BB as a key co-stimulatory molecule, improving MAIT cell effector functions.

Keywords:
4‐1BBMAIT cellsT cell receptoractivationeffector functionssignaling

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are crucial immune cells recognizing microbial metabolites via MR1.
  • MAIT cell activation involves T cell receptor (TCR) and cytokine signaling, with co-stimulatory molecules potentially enhancing responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the co-stimulatory molecule 4-1BB in MAIT cell activation and function.
  • To determine the expression kinetics and signaling pathways of 4-1BB on MAIT cells.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry to assess 4-1BB expression on MAIT cells after activation with Escherichia coli.
  • Blocking 4-1BB signaling or using 4-1BBL overexpressing cells to study co-stimulation.
  • Analysis of cytokine production and transcription factor expression (T-bet, Blimp1).

Main Results:

  • 4-1BB is the earliest and most highly expressed TNF Receptor Superfamily (TNFRSF) co-stimulatory molecule on activated MAIT cells.
  • 4-1BB expression is mediated by MR1 during early activation and by TCR/cytokine signaling during late activation.
  • MAIT cells expressing 4-1BB exhibit superior activation, cytokine production, and enhanced T-bet and Blimp1 expression.

Conclusions:

  • 4-1BB signaling plays a significant co-stimulatory role in MAIT cell activation.
  • 4-1BB expression is linked to enhanced MAIT cell effector functions and transcription factor upregulation.