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The evolution of osteopathic manipulative technique: the Spencer technique
1Department of Family Medicine, University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701.
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
|September 1, 1992
Summary
The Spencer technique for shoulder treatment evolved significantly since 1916, driven by clinical needs and anatomical insights. Key developments include sequence changes and combining methods, with one accidental change altering a critical step.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Physical Therapy
- Manual Medicine
Background:
- The Spencer technique is a well-established shoulder treatment protocol.
- Its application spans diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in musculoskeletal care.
Observation:
- This study traces the historical development of the Spencer technique from 1916.
- It identifies factors influencing the evolution of manipulative methods.
- Analysis reveals few explicit guidelines for developing new manipulative techniques.
Findings:
- The evolution of the Spencer technique involved changes in step sequence, addition of new steps, and integration with other methods like muscle-energy techniques.
- An accidental modification in the 1970s inadvertently omitted a crucial procedural step.
- Clinical necessity, interpreted through anatomical and pathological understanding, was the primary driver for technique development.
Implications:
- Understanding the Spencer technique's evolution offers insights into developing future manipulative therapies.
- Highlights the importance of meticulous procedural adherence and the impact of even accidental changes.
- Emphasizes the role of clinical necessity and anatomical knowledge in refining therapeutic interventions.