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Leiomyosarcoma in dogs: 44 cases (1983-1988).

A S Kapatkin1, H S Mullen, D T Matthiesen

  • 1Department of Surgery, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10021.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|October 1, 1992
PubMed
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Canine leiomyosarcoma prognosis varies by tumor location. Surgical intervention offers a good to excellent outlook for spleen, stomach, small intestine, and cecum tumors, while liver leiomyosarcoma has a poor prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Oncology
  • Comparative Pathology

Background:

  • Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor arising from smooth muscle tissue.
  • In dogs, leiomyosarcoma can occur in various intra-abdominal locations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prognosis of canine leiomyosarcoma based on primary tumor site.
  • To assess survival rates and causes of death in dogs with intra-abdominal leiomyosarcoma.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 44 dogs diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma over a 5-year period.
  • Tumors categorized by primary site: spleen, stomach/small intestine, cecum, and liver.
  • Survival analysis and assessment of metastasis and cause of death.

Main Results:

  • Dogs with liver leiomyosarcoma had visible metastasis at surgery and were euthanatized.

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  • For spleen, stomach/small intestine, and cecum leiomyosarcoma, 79% had no gross metastasis at surgery and 64% survived >2 weeks.
  • Median survival for these three groups was 10 months; common causes of death included metastasis (48%) and unrelated causes (32%).

    • Conclusions:

    • Prognosis is good to excellent for surgically treated canine leiomyosarcoma of the spleen, stomach, small intestine, and cecum.
    • Canine leiomyosarcoma of the liver carries a poor prognosis due to frequent metastasis.
    • Early surgical intervention is recommended for improved outcomes in most canine leiomyosarcoma cases.