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Exopolysaccharides in plant-bacterial interactions.

J A Leigh¹, D L Coplin

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.

Annual Review of Microbiology

|January 1, 1992

Summary

Bacterial exopolysaccharides are crucial for plant interactions, whether symbiotic or pathogenic. Their synthesis and regulation are complex, impacting plant health and disease development through diverse mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Plant Pathology
Biochemistry

Background:

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are key molecules produced by both beneficial Rhizobial symbionts and bacterial plant pathogens.
EPS can be homopolysaccharides or acidic heteropolysaccharides with diverse structures and functions in plant interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the biosynthesis, genetic regulation, and functional roles of bacterial exopolysaccharides in plant-microbe interactions.
To highlight the distinct mechanisms by which EPS mediate symbiosis and pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

Analysis of literature on exopolysaccharide synthesis and regulation in plant-associated bacteria.
Identification of genes involved in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and regulatory pathways.
Comparison of exopolysaccharide functions in root-nodule symbiosis and plant pathogenesis.

Main Results:

Heteropolysaccharide synthesis involves lipid-carrier mediated assembly and polymerization.
Genetic regulation of EPS synthesis is complex, often involving two-component systems and coordinating with virulence factors.
Specific EPS structures in Rhizobium promote legume nodule development, while in pathogens, EPS contribute to wilting and tissue invasion.

Conclusions:

Exopolysaccharides play critical, yet distinct, roles in both beneficial plant-microbe symbiosis and detrimental plant pathogenesis.
Understanding EPS biosynthesis and regulation offers insights into managing plant health and disease.

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