Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
12:09

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

Exteroceptive cueing of response force

J M NOTTERMAN, D E MINTZ

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 23, 1962
    PubMed
    Summary

    Rats learned to control their bar-pressing force to earn food rewards. Different light cues signaled which force range was required for reinforcement.

    Keywords:
    BEHAVIOR

    More Related Videos

    A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance07:19

    A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

    Published on: March 19, 2020

    An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles09:27

    An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

    Published on: August 25, 2020

    Related Concept Videos

    Internal and External Forces01:12

    Internal and External Forces

    Newton's first law states that a net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system, originating outside of the object or system. In contrast, internal forces originate inside the system of interest and do not lead to any acceleration. In simpler words, internal forces are forces that act on one part of an object and are exerted by another part of the same object. External forces are forces that act on an object due to some other object. Therefore, when...
    Introduction to force01:25

    Introduction to force

    Consider water flowing from a nozzle to a turbine vane. As the water hits the turbine vane, it exerts a force that causes it to move along the flow of direction. Force is an impact that changes an object's motion, shape, or orientation. Forces can be caused by physical contact, such as a push or pull, or through non-contact interactions, such as magnetic or gravitational forces. Force is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction, and is measured in newtons (N) in the SI unit system.
    Moment of a Force: Problem Solving01:29

    Moment of a Force: Problem Solving

    Understanding the scalar formulation of the moment of a force and applying it correctly through problem-solving is crucial in designing and analyzing mechanical systems. Here are the steps for problem-solving with the moment of a force:
    Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

    Motor Unit Stimulation

    When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
    The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
    Design Example: Frog Muscle Response01:14

    Design Example: Frog Muscle Response

    A student is tasked to work on an intriguing experiment involving an RL (Resistor-Inductor) circuit to study the muscle response of a frog's leg to electrical stimulation. The RL circuit plays a crucial role in this experiment, providing the means to control and measure the electrical impulses that trigger muscle contraction.
    When the switch connecting the RL circuit is closed, a brief muscle contraction is observed. This is because, at a steady state, the inductor acts like a short circuit,...
    Non-Verbal Cues01:29

    Non-Verbal Cues

    Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...