Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Use of a Multi-compartment Dynamic Single Enzyme Phantom for Studies of Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Agents
Published on: April 15, 2016
Practical applications of chemical shift imaging
1Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Medical Spectroscopy, Philadelphia, PA 19111.
Abstract:
Methods of spectral localization are briefly reviewed and divided into two classes: those using phase encoding and those using frequency selective RF pulses in a constant gradient. A potentially troubling artifact in the latter case is the spatial misregistration of different compounds which causes serious errors in 31P spectra from smaller regions. Chemical shift imaging (CSI) is presented as a typical example of phase encoding techniques. An analytical expression for the relationship of the signal observed to the true signal (the point spread function) is derived. Examples of CSI in one, two, and three dimensions are used to illustrate the principles of this type of localization.
Related Concept Videos
Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei in a...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview
For instance, the proton...
Applications Of NMR In Biology
The...
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a high...

