Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 31, 2026

Imaging Spatial Reorganization of a MAPK Signaling Pathway Using the Tobacco Transient Expression System
Published on: March 20, 2016
Perception and signal transduction of cytokinins
1Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan. kakimto@bio.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp
Abstract:
Cytokinins are plant hormones implicated in diverse and essential processes in plant growth and development, and key genes for the metabolism and actions of cytokinins have recently been identified. Cytokinins are perceived by three histidine kinases--CRE1/WOL/AHK4, AHK2, and AHK3--which initiate intracellular phosphotransfer. The final destination of the transferred phosphoryl groups is response regulators. The type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) are DNA-binding transcriptional activators that are required for cytokinin responses. On the other hand, the type-A ARRs act as repressors of cytokinin-activated transcription. How phosphorelay regulate response regulators and how response regulators control downstream events are open questions and discussed in this review.
Related Concept Videos
Cell Signaling in Plants
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Plant Hormones
Overview of Cell Signaling
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

