Related Experiment Videos
[Celiac sprue (review)]
12. interní oddĕlení, Ustrední vojenská nemocnice, Praha.
Vnitrni Lekarstvi
|September 25, 2003
Summary
Celiac sprue is an autoimmune disease triggered by gluten, involving specific genetic factors and autoantibodies. Diagnosis relies on clinical criteria, serology, and biopsy, with a gluten-free diet as the primary treatment.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
- Genetics
Context:
- Celiac sprue (CS) is a well-defined autoimmune disease.
- It is triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals (HLA-DQ2/DQ8).
- Characterized by a specific immune response involving autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase (tTG).
Purpose:
- To review the understanding of celiac sprue as a model autoimmune disease.
- To outline diagnostic criteria and evolving diagnostic methods.
- To discuss the clinical spectrum, prevalence, and management of CS.
Summary:
- CS involves T-cell mediated immune reactions to gluten peptides interacting with HLA-DQ2/DQ8.
- Diagnosis utilizes European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition criteria, supported by serological tests (AEA, AtTGA) and biopsy.
- The disease presents across a spectrum, including classic, latent, potential, subclinical, and silent forms, with a prevalence of approximately 1:250.
Impact:
- Advances in serological testing have revealed a broader range of clinical and histological presentations.
- CS is often associated with other autoimmune conditions, necessitating serological screening in at-risk individuals.
- Gluten-free diet is the essential therapy, though residual gluten in food remains a challenge.