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Related Experiment Videos

A model for ammonia poisoning in cattle.

Sandra Satiko Kitamura1, Alexandre Coutinho Antonelli, Celso Akio Maruta

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, CEP: 05508-000, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil.

Veterinary and Human Toxicology
|September 30, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Ammonium chloride infusion effectively induces ammonia (NH3) poisoning in cattle, mimicking natural cases without side effects. This method offers a reliable model for studying hyperammoniemia in livestock.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Ammonia (NH3) poisoning is a significant concern in cattle, often linked to dietary factors like urea administration.
  • Existing methods for inducing experimental ammonia poisoning may have limitations or undesirable side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a controlled method for inducing ammonia (NH3) poisoning in cattle using ammonium chloride infusion.
  • To evaluate the clinical and metabolic effects of experimentally induced ammonia poisoning.
  • To compare the ammonium chloride infusion method with urea administration for inducing hyperammoniemia.

Main Methods:

  • Intravenous infusion of a 1.5 M ammonium chloride solution (pH 7.0) at 400 mL/h in cattle until convulsions occurred.
  • Monitoring of clinical signs and metabolic parameters, including plasma ammonia levels.

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  • Initiation of therapy post-convulsion and assessment of recovery.

    • Main Results:

    • Convulsions were induced with 200-1200 mL of ammonium chloride solution, with clinical and metabolic signs mirroring natural poisoning.
    • Induced hyperammoniemia resulted in hyperglycemia, hyperlactemia, hyperkalemia, and severe metabolic acidosis.
    • Therapy led to a rapid decrease in plasma NH3, with all animals recovering and regaining appetite within 110 minutes.

    Conclusions:

    • Intravenous ammonium chloride infusion is a safe and effective method for inducing ammonia (NH3) poisoning in cattle.
    • This model provides a valuable tool for studying the pathophysiology and treatment of hyperammoniemia in cattle.
    • The ammonium chloride method presents advantages over oral urea administration for experimental induction of ammonia toxicity.