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Working memory deficit as a core neuropsychological dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Henry Silver1, Pablo Feldman, Warren Bilker

  • 1Brain Behavior Laaboratory, Sha'ar Menashe Mental Health Center, Hadera, Israel. mdsilver@tx.technion.ac.il

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|September 30, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Working memory deficits are central to schizophrenia, impacting verbal and spatial cognitive functions. This impairment affects various neuropsychological abilities in patients, unlike in healthy individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with widespread cognitive impairments.
  • The role of working memory as a core deficit in schizophrenia requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that impaired working memory is a core deficit underlying multiple neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia patients.
  • To examine the relationship between verbal and spatial working memory and other cognitive functions in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed 27 men with chronic schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls using a neuropsychological test battery.
  • Measured verbal working memory using WAIS digit span tests.
  • Assessed spatial working memory using the Dot Test.

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Main Results:

  • In schizophrenia patients, verbal working memory correlated with visual retention, orientation, motor function, visuomotor coordination, and executive function.
  • Spatial working memory in patients correlated with visual retention, orientation, object/face memory, and simple motor function.
  • No significant correlations between working memory and other cognitive functions were found in the control group.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support working memory as a core deficit in schizophrenia.
  • Limited verbal and spatial 'on-line storage' capacity may impede other cognitive functions.
  • Specific working memory components are critical for executive functions, complex visual processing, and visual orientation.