Expression of Runx1, -2 and -3 during tooth, palate and craniofacial bone development

We describe the expression of three Runt-related RUNX genes (previously termed AML, Cbfa, or Pebp2alpha) Runx1 and Runx3 during the development of teeth and other craniofacial tissues and compare them to Runx2 expression reported earlier. All three genes were expressed in mesenchymal condensates. Runx1 was expressed in several cartilage primordia earlier than Runx3, and Runx2 was intense in all mesenchymal condensations of bones and teeth. Only Runx1 was expressed in epithelia, and in tooth germs transcripts were detected in outer dental epithelium. Runx1 was also intensely expressed in the midline epithelium of palatal shelves. In early tooth morphogenesis Runx3 was coexpressed with Runx2 in a thin layer of mesenchymal cells underlying dental epithelium. Unlike Runx2, Runx3 was expressed in odontoblasts. However, Runx3 mutant mice did not show obvious tooth phenotype or deviations of Runx1 and Runx2 expression patterns in the tooth.