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Hepatic gene expression patterns in thyroid hormone-treated hypothyroid rats.

J M Weitzel1, S Hamann, M Jauk

  • 1Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. weitzel@uke.uni-hamburg.de

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Thyroid hormone (T3) influences gene expression in rat liver, with some genes responding rapidly and others indirectly. Key factors like PPARgamma and PGC-1beta may mediate T3

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Endocrinology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone (T3) is crucial for development and metabolism.
  • Understanding T3-induced gene expression is vital for metabolic regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize T3-induced gene expression patterns in rat liver.
  • To identify potential intermediate factors mediating T3 action.

Main Methods:

  • DNA microarray analysis of hepatic RNA from hypothyroid and T3-treated rats at various time points.
  • Cluster analysis of differentially regulated genes.
  • Transient transfection assays to identify regulatory elements.
  • Examination of transcription factors (PPARs) and coactivators (PGC-1 family).

Main Results:

  • 62 out of 4608 genes showed reproducible T3 response, forming six expression patterns.
  • Thirty-six genes were not significantly regulated within 24 hours.
  • No thyroid hormone response element found in eight late-induced gene promoters, suggesting indirect activation.
  • PPARgamma and PERC/PGC-1beta showed early T3 response, identifying them as candidate mediators.
  • Early transcript level changes correlated with later protein level alterations.

Conclusions:

  • T3 regulates a specific set of genes in rat liver with distinct temporal patterns.
  • Indirect mechanisms likely mediate the late-induced gene expression.
  • PPARgamma and PERC/PGC-1beta are potential key players in mediating T3's late-acting effects on gene expression.