Speed-of-processing and driving simulator training result in improved driving performance

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Cognitive Psychology
• Human Factors Engineering

Background:

• Aging is associated with declines in cognitive functions like processing speed and spatial attention.
• These cognitive changes can negatively impact driving performance and safety in older adults.
• Enhancing cognitive abilities may offer a pathway to improve driving skills and independence in seniors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of speed-of-processing training on older adults' driving performance.
• To compare the effectiveness of speed-of-processing training versus traditional simulator-based driver training.
• To assess the long-term effects and transferability of training-induced cognitive improvements to real-world driving.

Main Methods:

• Participants (N=95) were assigned to speed-of-processing training, simulator driver training, or a control group.
• Driving performance was evaluated using simulator and open-road assessments at baseline, post-training, and after an 18-month follow-up.
• Useful Field of View (UFOV) and specific driving maneuvers were primary outcome measures.

Main Results:

• Speed-of-processing training significantly improved UFOV and reduced dangerous driving maneuvers compared to controls.
• Simulator training led to improvements in lane changes and signal usage, but not UFOV.
• Training benefits, particularly for UFOV and driving safety, demonstrated persistence over the 18-month interval.

Conclusions:

• Cognitive training, specifically speed-of-processing, can enhance visual attention and improve driving safety in older adults.
• Different training modalities yield distinct benefits, suggesting targeted interventions are most effective.
• These findings support the development of cognitive and driver training programs to maintain mobility and safety in aging populations.