Fetal echocardiography and color Doppler flow imaging: the Rotterdam experience

The adjunctive role of Doppler color flow mapping in the evaluation of cardiac structures and function was studied in 440 normal fetuses between 17 and 22 weeks of gestation (median, 20 weeks) and in 73 fetuses with suspected congenital heart disease between 16 and 38 weeks of gestation (median, 28 weeks). Flow through atrioventricular and arterial valves was generally easy to identify and identification was successful in approximately 90% of the normal fetuses. Flow in the pulmonary veins and through the foramen ovale was visualized in approximately 60% of normal cases. In the group with suspected congenital heart disease, Doppler color flow imaging provided additional information on both cardiac structure and function in 34 fetuses, on function alone in 13 fetuses and on structure alone in 20 fetuses. No additional information was collected in six fetuses.