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Intolerance to dietary biogenic amines: a review
Sophia C Jansen1, Marijke van Dusseldorp, Kathelijne C Bottema
1Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, The Netherlands.
Summary
Scientific evidence does not support dietary biogenic amine intolerance. Studies found no link between biogenic amines like histamine and tyramine and food intolerance reactions or conditions like migraine.
Area of Science:
- Clinical immunology
- Gastroenterology
- Nutrition science
Background:
- Dietary biogenic amines are implicated in various adverse food reactions.
- Patients often report intolerance to foods rich in biogenic amines.
- Scientific validation of these purported intolerances is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically evaluate the scientific evidence supporting intolerance to dietary biogenic amines.
- To determine if oral challenge studies confirm adverse reactions to biogenic amines.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of MEDLINE (1966-2001) for oral challenge studies.
- Inclusion of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies for positive results.
- Evaluation of study design and methodology for conclusive findings.
Main Results:
- Four conclusive studies were identified from the eligible oral challenge trials.
- All four conclusive studies reported negative results.
- No association was found between biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, phenylethylamine) and food intolerance, migraine, or headache.
Conclusions:
- The current scientific literature does not support a link between oral biogenic amine ingestion and food intolerance.
- There is no scientific basis for dietary recommendations restricting biogenic amines for patients reporting intolerance.