Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026
10:16
Psychophysiological Stress Assessment Using Biofeedback
Published on: July 31, 2009
Evaluation of stress during transport
1Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production, Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, Italy. esterina.fazio@tin.it
Veterinary Research Communications
|October 11, 2003
Summary
Transporting domestic animals causes stress, but results vary widely. Animal stress responses depend on transport intensity, duration, prior experience, and environmental factors.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Science
- Animal Behavior
- Animal Physiology
Background:
- Domestic animals are transported for breeding, biomedical research, slaughter, and sport.
- Assessing transport stress in animals yields variable and difficult-to-interpret results.
- Animal stress reactions are influenced by stressor intensity/duration, prior experience, physiological state, and environmental conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and discuss variables used to assess animal stress during transport.
- To analyze the impact of handling, loading, and transport procedures on animal welfare.
Main Methods:
- Review of behavioral, hematological, and biochemical variables.
- Discussion of physiological and neuro-hormonal indicators (beta-endorphin, ACTH, cortisol, iodothyronines).
- Analysis based on animal handling, loading, and transport protocols.
Main Results:
- Variability in stress assessment results is highlighted.
- Key factors influencing animal stress response are identified.
- A comprehensive overview of stress indicators is presented.
Conclusions:
- Understanding animal stress during transport is crucial for welfare.
- Multiple factors contribute to the variability in stress responses.
- Further research is needed to standardize stress assessment methods.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:04Applications of Stress
Consider a structure made of a boom and a rod designed to support a load. These two components are connected by a pin and stabilized by brackets and pins. The boom and the rod are detached from their supports to assess the different stresses imposed on this structure, and a free-body diagram is drawn. Then, all the forces applied, including the load acting on the structure, are identified. The reaction forces exerted on both the boom and the rod are computed using the equilibrium equations.
The...
The...
01:15Stress: General Loading Conditions
To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes.
01:26Exercise Stress Test
Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
01:27Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle
Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
01:20Psychological Responses to Stress
Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
01:20Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
Primary Appraisal:...